My previous posts were about actor-focus and experiencer-focus Filipino verbs. This post will be the first to deal with object-focus verbs, particularly those verbs with the suffix -in or -hin (IN verbs). This post has several tables that are best viewed using a laptop or desktop. It is possible that you may not be able to view the tables using a mobile phone.

If the subject of the sentence is the object (or person) that is the receiver of the action expressed in the verb, then the verb is an object-focus verb. In other words, the action is being done TO the subject and the subject is called the direct object. Therefore, only Filipino transitive verbs (mga pandiwang palipat) are object-focus verbs. The most common object-focus Filipino verbs take the suffixes -in or -hin and -an or -han. Others have the prefix i- and ma-.

This post tackles the conjugation of only those verbs that have the -in and -hin suffixes. The conjugation of such verbs varies depending on the form of the root word. I have grouped root words with similar properties and will show how to transform them into the different verbal aspects.

Root Words That Begin with Vowels

The first table below lists object-focus verbs with root words that begin with vowels (A, E, I, O or U). The verbal aspects of the object-focus verb akyatin (to climb something) are formed as described below. The root word akyat is syllabicated as ak-yat. In each sample sentence, the subject of the sentence is underlined, and the verb is boldfaced. The syllabication of the verb is shown inside square brackets.

Infinitive aspect (pawatas): Write the suffix -in after the root word.

Example: akyat + -in = akyatin [ak-ya-tin]

1. Akyatin natin ang burol na iyon. / Ang burol na iyon ay akyatin natin. = Let’s climb that hill.

The addition of the suffix -in results in separating the last letter of root word (the t in akyat) to be part of the last syllable tin in akyatin.

The hill (ang burol) is the direct object (DO) of the verb akyatin and it is the subject of the sentence. Since these two conditions are met (DO and subject), akyatin is an object-focus verb.

Completed/Perfective aspect (aspektong perpektibo): Write the prefix in- before the root word.

Example: in- + akyat = inakyat [i-nak-yat]

The letter i of the prefix in- becomes the first syllable of the final verb.

2. Inakyat namin ang burol na iyon kahapon. / Ang burol na iyon ay inakyat namin kahapon. = We climbed that hill yesterday.

Incompleted/Imperfective aspect (aspektong imperpektibo): Reduplicate the first vowel of the root word and add the prefix in-. The addition of the prefix in- results in making the first two syllables of the final verb.

Example: (a) a + akyat → aakyat [a-ak-yat], (b) in- + aakyat = inaakyat [i-na-ak-yat]

3. Inaakyat namin ang burol ngayon. / Ang burol ay inaakyat namin ngayon. = We are climbing the hill now. 

Contemplated aspect (aspektong kontemplatibo): Reduplicate the first vowel of the root word, then add the suffix -in.

Example: (a) a + akyat → aakyat [a-ak-yat], (b) aakyat + -in = aakyatin [a-ak-ya-tin]

The addition of the suffix -in results in separating the last letter from the root word (the t in akyat) to be part of the last syllable tin in aakyatin.

4. Aakyatin namin bukas ang burol na iyon. / Ang burol na iyon ay aakyatin namin bukas. = We will climb that hill tomorrow.

The table below lists the verbal aspects of object-focus verbs that have root words that begin with vowels.

ROOT WORD	INFINITIVE (PAWATAS)	ENGLISH TRANSLATION	COMPLETED/ PERFECTIVE (PERPEKTIBO)	INCOMPLETED/ IMPERFECTIVE (IMPERPEKTIBO)	CONTEMPLATED (KONTEMPLATIBO)
ahit	ahitin	to shave something off	inahit	inaahit	aahitin
akala	akalain	to mistakenly think something	inakala	inaakala	aakalain
akay	akayin	to guide or lead someone with one's hand	inakay	inaakay	aakayin
akyat	akyatin	to climb something	inakyat	inaakyat	aakyatin
alam	alamin	to find something out	inalam	inaalam	aalamin
alis	alisin	to remove something	inalis	inaalis	aalisin
aliw	aliwin	to entertain someone	inaliw	inaaliw	aaliwin
angat	angatin	to lift something up	inangat	inaangat	aangatin
angkin	angkinin	to take something for oneself	inangkin	inaangkin	aangkinin
aral	aralin	to study something	inaral	inaaral	aaralin
aruga	arugain	to take care or nurture something or someone	inaruga	inaaruga	aarugain
aruga	arugain	to care for or nurture someone	inaruga	inaaruga	aarugain
awat	awatin	to pacify or restrain someone	inawat	inaawat	aawatin
away	awayin	to quarrel with someone	inaway	inaaway	aawayin
awit	awitin	to sing a song	inawit	inaawit	aawitin
ibig	ibigin	to love someone romantically	inibig	iniibig	iibigin
inggit	inggitin	to make someone jealous	ininggit	iniinggit	iinggitin
inis	inisin	to annoy someone	ininis	iniinis	iinisin
init	initin	to heat something up	ininit	iniinit	iinitin
ipit	ipitin	to squeeze something	inipit	iniipit	iipitin
isip	isipin	to think about something	inisip	iniisip	iisipin
ubos	ubusin	to use all of something	inubos	inuubos	uubusin
ukit	ukitin	to carve or engrave something	inukit	inuukit	uukitin
ulit	ulitin	to redo or repeat something	inulit	inuulit	uulitin
usisa	usisain	to investigate or examine something	inusisa	inuusisa	uusisain

Root Words That Begin with Consonants

The second table below lists object-focus verbs with root words that begin with consonants. The verbal aspects of the object-focus verb hanapin (to look for something) are formed as described below. The root word hanap is syllabicated as ha-nap. In each sample sentence, the subject of the sentence is underlined, and the verb is boldfaced. The syllabication of the verb is shown inside square brackets.

Infinitive aspect (pawatas): Write the suffix -in after the root word.

Example: hanap + -in = hanap [ha-na-pin]

The addition of the suffix -in results in separating the last letter from the root word (the p in hanap) to be part of the last syllable pin in hanapin.

5. Hanapin mo ang tsinelas mo sa labas. / Ang tsinelas mo ay hanapin mo sa labas. = Look for your slipper outside.

The slipper is the direct object (DO) of the verb hanapin and it is the subject of the sentence. Since these two conditions are met (DO and subject), hanapin is an object-focus verb.

Completed/Perfective aspect (aspektong perpektibo): Write the infix –in- between the first consonant and the first vowel of the root word. The insertion of -in- results in making the first two syllables of the final verb.

Example: hanap + -in- = h(in)anap = hinanap [hi-na-nap]

6. Hinanap ko sa labas ang tsinelas ko. / Ang tsinelas ko ay hinanap ko sa labas. = I looked for my slipper outside.

Incompleted/Imperfective aspect (aspektong imperpektibo): Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word and add the infix –in- between the first consonant and first vowel. The insertion of -in- results in making the first two syllables of the final verb.

Example: (a) ha + hanap → hahanap [ha-ha-nap], (b) hahanap + -in- = h(in)ahanap = hinahanap [hi-na-ha-nap]

7. Hinahanap ko ang tsinelas ko. / Ang tsinelas ko ay hinahanap ko. = I am looking for my slipper.

Contemplated aspect (aspektong kontemplatibo): Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word and add the suffix –in.

Example: (a) ha + hanap → hahanap [ha-ha-nap], (b) hahanap + -in = hahanapin [ha-ha-na-pin]

The addition of the suffix -in results in separating the last letter from the root word (the p in hanap) to be part of the last syllable pin in hahanapin.

8. Hahanapin ko ang tsinelas ko sa labas. / Ang tsinelas ko ay hahanapin ko sa labas. = I will look for my slipper outside.

The table below lists the verbal aspects of object-focus verbs that have root words that begin with consonants.

Exceptions to the word formation rules above are those root words that begin with the letters L or Y (like luto and yari). Unlike the root words that begin with the other consonants, the prefix ni- is added to the perfective and imperfective aspects.

ROOT WORD	INFINITIVE (PAWATAS)	ENGLISH TRANSLATION	COMPLETED/ PERFECTIVE (PERPEKTIBO)	INCOMPLETED/ IMPERFECTIVE (IMPERPEKTIBO)	CONTEMPLATED (KONTEMPLATIBO)
bakbak	bakbakin	to detach or strip the covering of something	binakbak	binabakbak	babakbakin
bangga	banggain	to collide or crash into something	binangga	binabangga	babanggain
banggit	banggitin	to mention something	binanggit	binabanggit	babanggitin
basa	basain	to make something wet	binasa	binabasa	babasain
basag	basagin	to break something made of glass	binasag	binabasag	babasagin
bati	batiin	to greet someone	binati	binabati	babatiin
bawi	bawiin	to take something back	binawi	binabawi	babawiin
baybay	baybayin	to spell a word	binaybay	binabaybay	babaybayin
bigkas	bigkasin	to say something	binigkas	binibigkas	bibigkasin
bihag	bihagin	to capture something	binihag	binibihag	bibihagin
bilang	bilangin	to count something	binilang	binibilang	bibilangin
buhay	buhayin	to revive or enable someone to live	binuhay	binubuhay	bubuhayin
daig	daigin	to surpass or defeat something	dinaig	dinadaig	dadaigin
dalaw	dalawin	to visit someone	dinalaw	dinadalaw	dadalawin
daya	dayain	to cheat someone or rig something	dinaya	dinadaya	dadayain
galaw	galawin	to move something	ginalaw	ginagalaw	gagalawin
galit	galitin	to anger someone	ginalit	ginagalit	gagalitin
gambala	gambalain	to disturb someone	ginambala	ginagambala	gagambalain
gamit	gamitin	to use something	ginamit	ginagamit	gagamitin
giba	gibain	to demolish or tear something down	giniba	ginigiba	gigibain
gising	gisingin	to wake someone up	ginising	ginigising	gigisingin
gulat	gulatin	to surprise or frighten someone	ginulat	ginugulat	gugulatin
gunita	gunitain	to recall or commemorate something	ginunita	ginugunita	gugunitain
gunting	guntingin	to cut something with scissors	ginunting	ginugunting	guguntingin
gupit	gupitin	to cut something	ginupit	ginugupit	gugupitin
halungkat	halungkatin	to ransack or search through something	hinalungkat	hinahalungkat	hahalungkatin
hamak	hamakin	to belittle someone	hinamak	hinahamak	hahamakin
hampas	hampasin	to whack something	hinampas	hinahampas	hahampasin
hanap	hanapin	to look for something	hinanap	hinahanap	hahanapin
harap	harapin	to face someone or something	hinarap	hinaharap	haharapin
hatak	hatakin	to pull something	hinatak	hinahatak	hahatakin
hati	hatiin	to divide something into parts	hinati	hinahati	hahatiin
hiling	hilingin	to earnestly ask for something	hiniling	hinihiling	hihilingin
himay	himayin	to remove grains or seeds from cobs or pods; remove and shred meat from bones	hinimay	hinihimay	hihimayin
hintay	hintayin	to wait for something	hinintay	hinihintay	hihintayin
hiram	hiramin	to borrow something	hiniram	hinihiram	hihiramin
hiwa	hiwain	to slice something	hiniwa	hinihiwa	hihiwain
kagat	kagatin	to bite something	kinagat	kinakagat	kakagatin
kain	kainin	to eat something	kinain	kinakain	kakainin
kalabit	kalabitin	to poke or touch someone to get their attention	kinalabit	kinakalabit	kakalabitin
kamay	kamayin	to use one's hands to handle something	kinamay	kinakamay	kakamayin
kapkap	kapkapin	to frisk or inspect in search of something	kinapkap	kinakapkap	kakapkapin
labag	labagin	to violate a rule or law	nilabag	nilalabag	lalabagin
lagari	lagariin	to cut something with a saw	nilagari	nilalagari	lalagariin
lasap	lasapin	to savor or enjoy something, especially food	nilasap	nilalasap	lalasapin
libang	libangin	to entertain or distract someone's attention	nilibang	nililibang	lilibangin
likha	likhain	to create something	nilikha	nililikha	lilikhain
linaw	linawin	to clarify something	nilinaw	nililinaw	lilinawin
linis	linisin	to clean something	nilinis	nililinis	lilinisin
lutas	lutasin	to solve something	nilutas	nilulutas	lulutasin
mahal	mahalin	to love someone	minahal	minamahal	mamahalin
nais	naisin	to wish for something	ninais	ninanais	nanaisin
nakaw	nakawin	to steal something	ninakaw	ninanakaw	nanakawin
nguya	nguyain	to chew something	nginuya	nginunguya	ngunguyain
pansin	pansinin	to pay or give attention to something	pinansin	pinapansin	papansinin
pantay	pantayin	to make things level, equal or aligned	pinantay	pinapantay	papantayin
patay	patayin	to kill something or someone	pinatay	pinapatay	papatayin
piga	pigain	to squeeze or wring something	piniga	pinipiga	pipigain
pili	piliin	to choose something	pinili	pinipili	pipiliin
pilit	pilitin	to force or coerce someone	pinilit	pinipilit	pipilitin
pitas	pitasin	to pick something, such as a fruit or flower	pinitas	pinipitas	pipitasin
pitik	pitikin	to flick something with one's finger	pinitik	pinipitik	pipitikin
puksa	puksain	to exterminate or annihilate something	pinuksa	pinupuksa	pupuksain
punit	punitin	to tear something up	pinunit	pinupunit	pupunitin
sagi	sagiin	to sideswipe something	sinagi	sinasagi	sasagiin
sagip	sagipin	to rescue someone or something	sinagip	sinasagip	sasagipin
saksak	saksakin	to stab something	sinaksak	sinasaksak	sasaksakin
salakay	salakayin	to attack someone; to invade or raid something	sinalakay	sinasalakay	sasalakayin
sampal	sampalin	to slap someone or something	sinampal	sinasampal	sasampalin
sayang	sayangin	to waste something	sinayang	sinasayang	sasayangin
sayaw	sayawin	to dance with someone; to dance a particular dance	sinayaw	sinasayaw	sasayawin
sibak	sibakin	to chop something; to fire someone from a job	sinibak	sinisibak	sisibakin
silip	silipin	to take a peek at something	sinilip	sinisilip	sisilipin
sipa	sipain	to kick something	sinipa	sinisipa	sisipain
sipsip	sipsipin	to sip or suck liquid through one’s mouth	sinipsip	sinisipsip	sisipsipin
siyasat	siyasatin	to investigate something	siniyasat	sinisiyasat	sisiyasatin
sukat	sukatin	to measure something to try if something fits	sinukat	sinusukat	susukatin
suklay	suklayin	to brush or comb hair	sinuklay	sinusuklay	susuklayin
sungkit	sungkitin	to get something using a pole with a hook at its end	sinungkit	sinusungkit	susungkitin
suri	suriin	to analyze something	sinuri	sinusuri	susuriin
tabas	tabasin	to cut something according to a pattern	tinabas	tinatabas	tatabasin
tahi	tahiin	to sew or stitch something	tinahi	tinatahi	tatahiin
tanggal	tanggalin	to remove or detach something	tinanggal	tinatanggal	tatanggalin
tanggap	tanggapin	to accept something	tinanggap	tinatanggap	tatanggapin
tangkilik	tangkilikin	to support or patronize something or someone	tinangkilik	tinatangkilik	tatangkilikin
tastas	tastasin	to remove the stitches on something	tinastas	tinatastas	tatastasin
timbang	timbangin	to weigh something	tinimbang	tinitimbang	titimbangin
tuklas	tuklasin	to discover something	tinuklas	tinutuklas	tutuklasin
tunaw	tunawin	to melt or dissolve something	tinunaw	tinutunaw	tutunawin
walis	walisin	to sweep something	winalis	winawalis	wawalisin
wika	wikain	to say something	winika	winiwika	wiwikain
yari	yariin	to manufacture something	niyari	niyayari	yayariin

Root Words with O in the Final Syllable

The third table below lists object-focus verbs with root words with the letter O in the final syllables. In conjugating these verbs, the letter O is changed to U only when the suffix -in is added. The suffix -in is added to the root word to make the infinitive form of the verb as well as its contemplated form.

The verbal aspects of the object-focus verb sunugin (to burn something) are formed as described below. The root word sunog is syllabicated as su-nog. In each sample sentence, the subject of the sentence is underlined, and the verb is boldfaced. The syllabication of the verb is shown inside square brackets.

Infinitive aspect (pawatas): Write the suffix -in after the root word. Change the letter O in the last syllable of the root word to U.

Example: sunog + -in → sunogin = sunugin [su-nu-gin]

The addition of the suffix -in results in separating the last letter from the root word (the g in sunog) to be part of the last syllable gin in sunugin.

9. Sunugin mo ang mga tuyong dahon. / Ang mga tuyong dahon ay sunugin mo. = Burn the dried leaves.

The dried leaves (ang mga tuyong dahon) collectively is the direct object (DO) of the verb sunugin and is the subject of the sentence. Since these two conditions are met (DO and subject), sunugin is an object-focus verb.

Completed/Perfective aspect (aspektong perpektibo): Write the infix –in- between the first consonant and the first vowel of the root word. The insertion of the infix -in- results in making the first two syllables of the final verb.

Example: sunog + -in- = s(in)unog = sinunog [si-nu-nog]

10. Sinunog ang mga tuyong dahon sa bakuran. / Ang mga tuyong dahon sa bakuran ay sinunog. = The dried leaves in the yard were burned.

Incompleted/Imperfective aspect (aspektong imperpektibo): Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word and add the infix –in- between the first consonant and first vowel. The insertion of the infix -in- results in making the first two syllables of the final verb.

Example: (a) su + sunog → susunog [su-su-nog], (b) susunog + -in- = s(in)usunog = sinusunog [si-nu-su-nog]

11. Sinusunog ang mga tuyong dahon sa bakuran. / Ang mga tuyong dahon sa bakuran ay sinusunog. = The dried leaves in the yard are being burned.

Contemplated aspect (aspektong kontemplatibo): Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word, add the suffix –in, and change the letter O in the final syllable to U.

Example: (a) su + sunog → susunog [su-su-nog], (b) susunog + -in = susunogin [su-su-no-gin], (c) susunugin [su-su-nu-gin]

The addition of the suffix -in results in separating the last letter from the root word (the g in sunog) to be part of the last syllable gin in susunugin.

12. Susunugin ang mga tuyong dahon sa bakuran. / Ang mga tuyong dahon sa bakuran ay susunugin. = The dried leaves in the yard will be burned.

The table below lists the verbal aspects of object-focus verbs that have root words with the letter O in the final syllable. Note that the location of the affix IN for the perfective and imperfective forms will depend on whether the root word begins with a vowel or a consonant.

ROOT WORD	INFINITIVE (PAWATAS)	ENGLISH TRANSLATION	COMPLETED/ PERFECTIVE (PERPEKTIBO)	INCOMPLETED/ IMPERFECTIVE (IMPERPEKTIBO)	CONTEMPLATED (KONTEMPLATIBO)
abot	abutin	to reach for something or to get somewhere	inabot	inaabot	aabutin
ako	akuin	to take responsibility for something	inako	inaako	aakuin
amoy	amuyin	to smell something	inamoy	inaamoy	aamuyin
ampon	ampunin	to adopt someone	inampon	inaampon	aampunin
balot	balutin	to wrap something	binalot	binabalot	babalutin
bigo	biguin	to disappoint or frustrate someone	binigo	binibigo	bibiguin
bunggo	bungguin	to collide with something	binunggo	binubunggo	bubungguin
bunot	bunutin	to uproot or pull something out	binunot	binubunot	bubunutin
buo	buuin	to complete something	binuo	binubuo	bubuuin
dampot	damputin	to pick something up	dinampot	dinadampot	dadamputin
dukot	dukutin	to take something out; to abduct someone	dinukot	dinudukot	dudukutin
durog	durugin	to crush something	dinurog	dinudurog	dudurugin
gastos	gastusin	to spend something	ginastos	ginagastos	gagatusin
gastos	gastusin	to spend something, usually money	ginastos	ginagastos	gagastusin
gusot	gusutin	to wrinkle something	ginusot	ginugusot	gugusutin
gutom	gutumin	to starve someone or something	ginutom	ginugutom	gugutumin
habol	habulin	to run after someone or something	hinabol	hinahabol	hahabulin
hamon	hamunin	to challenge or dare someone	hinamon	hinahamon	hahamunin
haplos	haplusin	to caress someone or something	hinaplos	hinahaplos	hahaplusin
hipo	hipuin	to touch something with one's hand	hinipo	hinihipo	hihipuin
hugot	hugutin	to pull something out; to extract something	hinugot	hinuhugot	huhugutin
ikot	ikutin	to rotate, spin, or turn something or go around somewhere	inikot	iniikot	iikutin
inom	inumin	to drink something	ininom	iniinom	iinumin
ipon	ipunin	to save or gather something up	inipon	iniipon	iipunin
kamot	kamutin	to scratch something	kinamot	kinakamot	kakamutin
kurot	kurutin	to pinch someone or something	kinurot	kinukurot	kukurutin
kusot	kusutin	to rub clothes with soap and water	kinusot	kinukusot	kukusutin
lamon	lamunin	to devour something	nilamon	nilalamon	lalamunin
laro	laruin	to play with something	nilaro	nilalaro	lalaruin
lason	lasunin	to poison something	nilason	nilalason	lalasunin
lubos	lubusin	to do something completely	nilubos	nilulubos	lulubusin
luto	lutuin	to cook something	niluto	niluluto	lulutuin
palo	paluin	to spank someone	pinalo	pinapalo	papaluin
pukpok	pukpukin	to hammer something	pinukpok	pinupukpok	pupukpukin
putol	putulin	to cut off something	pinutol	pinuputol	puputulin
sakop	sakupin	to invade or colonize something	sinakop	sinasakop	sasakupin
simot	simutin	to completely consume something	sinimot	sinisimot	sisimutin
sugpo	sugpuin	to suppress something	sinugpo	sinusugpo	susugpuin
sundo	sunduin	to fetch someone	sinundo	sinusundo	susunduin
sunog	sunugin	to burn something or set it on fire	sinunog	sinusunog	susunugin
suntok	suntukin	to punch something or someone	sinuntok	sinusuntok	susuntukin
takot	takutin	to scare or frighten someone	tinakot	tinatakot	tatakutin
tapos	tapusin	to finish something	tinapos	tinatapos	tatapusin
tiklop	tiklupin	to fold something	tiniklop	tinitiklop	titiklupin
tipon	tipunin	to gather or collect something	tinipon	tinitipon	titipunin
tubos	tubusin	to redeem something	tinubos	tinutubos	tutubusin
tugtog	tugtugin	to play a song or a musical instrument	tinugtog	tinutugtog	tutugtugin
ubos	ubusin	to use all of something	inubos	inuubos	uubusin

Root Words That End in D

In some root words that end in the letter D, the D is changed to R when the suffix -in is added. For example, the root word baliktad becomes baliktarin, not baliktadin. This is observed in the infinitive and contemplated forms. The rules for root words that begin with vowels or consonants, and those with the letter O in the final syllable are also followed for these words.

ROOT WORD	INFINITIVE (PAWATAS)	ENGLISH TRANSLATION	COMPLETED/ PERFECTIVE (PERPEKTIBO)	INCOMPLETED/ IMPERFECTIVE (IMPERPEKTIBO)	CONTEMPLATED (KONTEMPLATIBO)
baliktad	baliktarin	to reverse something (inside out or upside down)	binaliktad	binabaliktad	babaliktarin
hubad	hubarin	to remove something worn	hinubad	hinuhubad	huhubarin
kayod	kayurin	to scrape something	kinayod	kinakayod	kakayurin
lakad	lakarin	to walk somewhere; to run an errand	nilakad	nilalakad	lalakarin
lipad	liparin	to pilot something that flies; to fly due to strong winds	nilipad	nililipad	liliparin
lunod	lunurin	to drown someone or something	nilunod	nilulunod	lulunurin
panood	panoorin	to watch something	pinanood	pinapanood	panonoorin
patawad	patawarin	to forgive someone	pinatawad	pinatatawad	papatawarin
sagad	sagarin	to take something to its limit; to use something up	sinagad	sinasagad	sasagarin
sugod	sugurin	to charge at or attack something	sinugod	sinusugod	susugurin
tadtad	tadtarin	to chop, dice, or mince something	tinadtad	tinatadtad	tatadtarin
tawid	tawirin	to go across something	tinawid	tinatawid	tatawirin
tipid	tipirin	to conserve something	tinipid	tinitipid	titipirin

Object-focus HIN Verbs

Some object-focus verbs with root words that end in vowels are suffixed with -hin instead of -in. The verbal aspects of the object-focus verb basahin (to read something) are formed as described below. The root word basa is syllabicated as ba-sa. In each sample sentence, the subject of the sentence is underlined, and the verb is boldfaced. The syllabication of the verb is shown inside square brackets.

Infinitive aspect (pawatas): Write the suffix -hin after the root word.

Example: basa + -hin → basahin [ba-sa-hin]

13. Basahin mo ang liham ni Tatay. / Ang liham ni Tatay ay basahin mo.  = Read Father’s letter.

Completed/Perfective aspect (aspektong perpektibo): Write the infix –in- between the first consonant and the first vowel of the root word. The insertion of -in- results in making the first two syllables of the final verb.

Example: basa + -in- = b(in)asa = binasa [bi-na-sa]

14. Binasa namin ang liham ni Tatay. / Ang liham ni Tatay ay binasa namin. = Father’s letter was read by us. OR We read Father’s letter.

Incompleted/Imperfective aspect (aspektong imperpektibo): Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word and add the infix –in- between the first consonant and first vowel. The insertion of -in- results in making the first two syllables of the final verb.

Example: (a) ba + basa → babasa [ba-ba-sa], (b) babasa + -in- = b(in)abasa = binabasa [bi-na-ba-sa]

15. Binabasa ni Nanay ang liham ni Tatay. / Ang liham ni Tatay ay binabasa ni Nanay. = Father’s letter is being read by Mother. OR Mother is reading Father’s letter.

Contemplated aspect (aspektong kontemplatibo): Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word and add the suffix -hin.

Example: (a) ba + basa → babasa [ba-ba-sa], (b) babasa + -hin- = babasahin [ba-ba-sa-hin]

16. Babasahin ni Nanay mamaya ang liham ni Tatay. / Ang liham ni Tatay ay babasahin ni Nanay mamaya. = Father’s letter will be read by Mother later. OR Mother will read Father’s letter later.

The table below lists the verbal aspects of object-focus verbs that have the suffix -hin. The location of the affix IN in the perfective and imperfective forms depends on whether the root word begins with a vowel or a consonant.

Note that for the root words bili and dala, the last vowel is dropped when the suffix -hin is added to make the infinitive forms bilhin and dalhin, respectively.

ROOT WORD	INFINITIVE (PAWATAS)	ENGLISH TRANSLATION	COMPLETED/ PERFECTIVE (PERPEKTIBO)	INCOMPLETED/ IMPERFECTIVE (IMPERPEKTIBO)	CONTEMPLATED (KONTEMPLATIBO)
abuso	abusuhin	to abuse something	inabuso	inaabuso	aabusuhin
ani	anihin	to harvest something	inani	inaani	aanihin
aresto	arestuhin	to arrest someone	inaresto	inaaresto	aarestuhin
bago	baguhin	to change or revise something	binago	binabago	babaguhin
balanse	balansehin	to balance something	binalanse	binabalanse	babalansehin
basa	basahin	to read something	binasa	binabasa	babasahin
bili	bilhin	to buy something	binili	binibili	bibilhin
bisita	bisitahin	to visit someone	binisita	binibisita	bibisitahin
bura	burahin	to erase something	binura	binubura	buburahin
dala	dalhin	to bring or carry something	dinala	dinadala	dadalhin
doble	doblehin	to double something in amount	dinoble	dinodoble	dodoblehin
gaya	gayahin	to copy or imitate something	ginaya	ginagaya	gagayahin
hila	hilahin	to pull something	hinila	hinihila	hihilahin
huli	hulihin	to catch or capture something or to arrest someone	hinuli	hinuhuli	huhulihin
imbita	imbitahin	to invite someone	inimbita	iniimbita	iimbitahin
insulto	insultuhin	to insult someone	ininsulto	iniinsulto	iinsultuhin
intindi	intindihin	to understand or pay attention to something	inintindi	iniintindi	iintindihin
karga	kargahin	to carry something	kinarga	kinakarga	kakargahin
kolekta	kolektahin	to collect something	kinolekta	kinokolekta	kokolektahin
kopya	kopyahin	to copy or imitate something	kinopya	kinokopya	kokopyahin
loko	lokohin	to fool, trick, or betray someone	niloko	niloloko	lolokohin
plantsa	plantsahin	to iron a piece of clothing	pinlantsa	pinaplantsa	paplantsahin
puna	punahin	to criticize someone or something	pinuna	pinupuna	pupunahin
respeto	respetuhin	to respect someone or something	nirespeto	nirerespeto	rerespetuhin
sisi	sisihin	to blame something or someone	sinisi	sinisisi	sisisihin
una	unahin	to do something first	inuna	inuuna	uunahin

Remember that a verb is an object-focus verb if its direct object is the subject of the sentence.

The tables above are in the PDF document below. This document is for personal and/or classroom use only. Mass distribution, commercial (for profit) distribution, and uploading the document anywhere on the internet are not allowed.

Verbal Aspects of Object-focus IN and HIN Verbs

If you think that a word should not be included in any of the tables above, please leave a comment below.