In the previous post, we learned the verbal aspects of Filipino actor-focus MAG verbs. Now we look into the verbal aspects of the actor-focus verbs that have the prefix um- or the infix -um-.

The verbal aspects of the actor-focus UM verbs are formed as described below. Let’s use the root word akyat (to climb or ascend) and bili (to buy).

1. Infinitive aspect (pawatas): If the root word begins with a vowel (A, E, I, O, or U), add the prefix um- to the root word.

Example: um + akyat = umakyat

Umakyat ka sa hagdan at pumasok ka sa unang kuwarto sa kanan. = Climb the stairs and enter the first room on the right.

If the root word begins with a consonant, write the infix -um- in between the first consonant and first vowel.

Example: bili + -um- = b-um-ili = bumili

Bumili ka ng isang boteng suka sa tindahan. = Buy a bottle of vinegar from the store.

2. Completed/Perfective aspect (aspektong perpektibo): If the root word begins with a vowel (A, E, I, O, or U), add the prefix um- to the root word.

Example: um + akyat = umakyat

Ang grupo ay umakyat sa Bundok Mayon. = The group climbed Mount Mayon.

If the root word begins with a consonant, write the infix -um- in between the first consonant and first vowel.

Example: bili + -um- = b-um-ili = bumili

Ang bata ay bumili ng kendi. = The child bought candy.

3. Incompleted/Imperfective aspect (aspektong imperpektibo): If the root word begins with a vowel (A, E, I, O, or U), (a) reduplicate the first vowel of the root word and (b) add the prefix um-.

Example: (a) a + akyat → aakyat, (b) um + aakyat = umaakyat

Ang karpintero ay umaakyat ng hagdan. = The carpenter is climbing the ladder.

If the root word begins with a consonant, (a) reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word and (b) write the infix -um- between the first consonant and the first vowel.

Example: (a) bi + bili → bibili, (b) b-um-ibili = bumibili

Ang mga guro ay bumibili ng mga kendi para sa Halloween. = The teachers are buying candies for Halloween.

4. Contemplated aspect (aspektong kontemplatibo): If the root word begins with a vowel (A, E, I, O, or U), reduplicate the first vowel of the root word.

Example: a + akyat = aakyat

Ang bombero ay aakyat sa hagdan hanggang sa ikatlong palapag. = The firefighter will climb the stairs to the third floor.

If the root word begins with a consonant, reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word.

Example: bi + bili = bibili

Si Nanay ay bibili ng keyk para sa aking kaarawan. = Mother will buy a cake for my birthday.

There are a lot of verbs in the table. Click on Next below the table to see the other verbs. Click on Previous to view the previous verbs. Use the Search bar to search a particular root word or English translation. Click the UP arrow in a column header to order the items alphabetically from A. Click the DOWN arrow to reverse the order.

There’s a downloadable PDF file below the table. This would be a good resource for teachers who want to make exercises, quizzes, tests, or assignments on conjugating Filipino verbs.

ROOT WORD	ENGLISH TRANSLATION	INFINITIVE (PAWATAS}	COMPLETED/ PERFECTIVE (PERPEKTIBO)	INCOMPLETED/ IMPERFECTIVE (IMPERPEKTIBO)	CONTEMPLATED (KONTEMPLATIBO)
akyat	to climb or ascend	umakyat	umakyat	umaakyat	aakyat
alis	to leave	umalis	umalis	umaalis	aalis
asa	to expect or rely on	umasa	umasa	umaasa	aasa
awit	to sing	umawit	umawit	umaawit	aawit
baba	to go or come down or descend	bumaba	bumaba	bumababa	bababa
balik	to come back or return	bumalik	bumalik	bumabalik	babalik
bangon	to rise up or get up	bumangon	bumangon	bumabangon	babangon
baril	to shoot or gun down	bumaril	bumaril	bumabaril	babaril
basa	to read	bumasa	bumasa	bumabasa	babasa
bati	to greet	bumati	bumati	bumabati	babati
bilang	to count	bumilang	bumilang	bumibilang	bibilang
bili	to buy	bumili	bumili	bumibili	bibili
bisita	to visit	bumisita	bumisita	bumibisita	bibisita
biyahe	to take a trip or travel	bumiyahe	bumiyahe	bumibiyahe	bibiyahe
buhat	to lift or raise up	bumuhat	bumuhat	bumubuhat	bubuhat
buhay	to support or bring to life	bumuhay	bumuhay	bumubuhay	bubuhay
bulong	to whisper	bumulong	bumulong	bumubulong	bubulong
buo	to form or put together	bumuo	bumuo	bumubuo	bubuo
daan	to pass	dumaan	dumaan	dumadaan	dadaan
dalaw	to visit	dumalaw	dumalaw	dumadalaw	dadalaw
dalo	to attend	dumalo	dumalo	dumadalo	dadalo
dating	to arrive	dumating	dumating	dumarating	darating
dumi	to defecate or move the bowels	dumumi	dumumi	dumurumi	durumi
galaw	to move	gumalaw	gumalaw	gumagalaw	gagalaw
gamit	to use or utilize	gumamit	gumamit	gumagamit	gagamit
gamot	to heal or cure	gumamot	gumamot	gumagamot	gagamot
ganap	to perform or act as	gumanap	gumanap	gumaganap	gaganap
ganti	to reciprocate or retaliate	gumanti	gumanti	gumaganti	gaganti
gapang	to crawl	gumapang	gumapang	gumagapang	gagapang
gastos	to spend	gumastos	gumastos	gumagastos	gagastos
gawa	to make or do	gumawa	gumawa	gumagawa	gagawa
gaya	to imitate	gumaya	gumaya	gumagaya	gagaya
gising	to wake up	gumising	gumising	gumigising	gigising
guhit	to draw	gumuhit	gumuhit	gumuguhit	guguhit
gupit	to cut with scissors	gumupit	gumupit	gumugupit	gugupit
habol	to run after	humabol	humabol	humahabol	hahabol
halakhak	to laugh loudly	humalakhak	humalakhak	humahalakhak	hahalakhak
halik	to kiss	humalik	humalik	humahalik	hahalik
hanap	to look for	humanap	humanap	humahanap	hahanap
harap	to face or confront	humarap	humarap	humaharap	haharap
hatsing	to sneeze	humatsing	humatsing	humahatsing	hahatsing
hawak	to hold or grab on	humawak	humawak	humahawak	hahawak
higa	to lie down	humiga	humiga	humihiga	hihiga
hila	to pull	humila	humila	humihila	hihila
hilik	to snore	humilik	humilik	humihilik	hihilik
hiling	to ask earnestly	humiling	humiling	humihiling	hihiling
hinga	to breathe	huminga	huminga	humihinga	hihinga
hingi	to ask for	humingi	humingi	humihingi	hihingi
hinto	to stop	huminto	huminto	humihinto	hihinto
hiram	to borrow	humiram	humiram	humihiram	hihiram
hiwa	to cut or slice	humiwa	humiwa	humihiwa	hihiwa
huli	to catch	humuli	humuli	humuhuli	huhuli
husga	to judge	humusga	humusga	humuhusga	huhusga
ibig	to love romantically	umibig	umibig	umiibig	iibig
ihi	to urinate	umihi	umihi	umiihi	iihi
ikot	to turn around	umikot	umikot	umiikot	iikot
iling	to shake one's head	umiling	umiling	umiiling	iiling
inom	to drink	uminom	uminom	umiinom	iinom
iyak	to cry	umiyak	umiyak	umiiyak	iiyak
kagat	to bite	kumagat	kumagat	kumakagat	kakagat
kain	to eat	kumain	kumain	kumakain	kakain
kanta	to sing	kumanta	kumanta	kumakanta	kakanta
katok	to knock	kumatok	kumatok	kumakatok	kakatok
kaway	to wave	kumaway	kumaway	kumakaway	kakaway
kilos	to act, move, or do something	kumilos	kumilos	kumikilos	kikilos
kita	to earn or make money	kumita	kumita	kumikita	kikita
kopya	to copy	kumopya	kumopya	kumokopya	kokopya
kuha	to obtain or take	kumuha	kumuha	kumukuha	kukuha
laban	to fight or oppose	lumaban	lumaban	lumalaban	lalaban
labas	to go out	lumabas	lumabas	lumalabas	lalabas
lakad	to walk	lumakad	lumakad	lumalakad	lalakad
langoy	to swim	lumangoy	lumangoy	lumalangoy	lalangoy
lapit	to approach or come close to	lumapit	lumapit	lumalapit	lalapit
laya	to be free	lumaya	lumaya	lumalaya	lalaya
layas	to run away or move out	lumayas	lumayas	lumalayas	lalayas
layo	to go far from	lumayo	lumayo	lumalayo	lalayo
ligaw	to court or woo someone	lumigaw	lumigaw	lumiligaw	liligaw
likas	to evacuate	lumikas	lumikas	lumilikas	lilikas
liko	to make a turn	lumiko	lumiko	lumiliko	liliko
limot	to forget	lumimot	lumimot	lumilimot	lilimot
lipad	to fly or travel by plane	lumipad	lumipad	lumilipad	lilipad
lipat	to move houses or switch places	lumipat	lumipat	lumilipat	lilipat
luhod	to kneel	lumuhod	lumuhod	lumuluhod	luluhod
lundag	to jump or leap	lumundag	lumundag	lumulundag	lulundag
ngiti	to smile	ngumiti	ngumiti	ngumingiti	ngingiti
palit	to replace	pumalit	pumalit	pumapalit	papalit
pansin	to notice	pumansin	pumansin	pumapansin	papasin
pasok	to go in or enter	pumasok	pumasok	pumapasok	papasok
patay	to kill	pumatay	pumatay	pumapatay	papatay
payag	to consent	pumayag	pumayag	pumapayag	papayag
pili	to choose	pumili	pumili	pumipili	pipili
punta	to go to	pumunta	pumunta	pumupunta	pupunta
putol	to cut	pumutol	pumutol	pumuputol	puputol
sagot	to answer or reply	sumagot	sumagot	sumasagot	sasagot
sakay	to ride	sumakay	sumakay	sumasakay	sasakay
sakit	to ache or hurt	sumakit	sumakit	sumasakit	sasakit
sali	to join or take part in	sumali	sumali	sumasali	sasali
salo	to catch	sumalo	sumalo	sumasalo	sasalo
salubong	to meet to welcome	sumalubong	sumalubong	sumasalubong	sasalubong
sama	to accompany or go with	sumama	sumama	sumasama	sasama
sampal	to slap	sumampal	sumampal	sumasampal	sasampal
sang-ayon	to agree	sumang-ayon	sumang-ayon	sumasang-ayon	sasang-ayon
sayaw	to dance	sumayaw	sumayaw	sumasayaw	sasayaw
sigaw	to shout	sumigaw	sumigaw	sumisigaw	sisigaw
sira	to destroy or damage	sumira	sumira	sumisira	sisira
suka	to vomit	sumuka	sumuka	sumusuka	susuka
sukat	to measure	sumukat	sumukat	sumusukat	susukat
sulat	to write	sumulat	sumulat	sumusulat	susulat
sundo	to fetch someone	sumundo	sumundo	sumusundo	susundo
sunod	to obey or follow	sumunod	sumunod	sumusunod	susunod
suntok	to punch	sumuntok	sumuntok	sumusuntok	susuntok
tahi	to sew	tumahi	tumahi	tumatahi	tatahi
takbo	to run	tumakbo	tumakbo	tumatakbo	tatakbo
talon	to jump	tumalon	tumalon	tumatalon	tatalon
tanggap	to accept or receive	tumanggap	tumanggap	tumatanggap	tatanggap
tawa	to laugh	tumawa	tumawa	tumatawa	tatawa
tawag	to call	tumawag	tumawag	tumatawag	tatawag
tawid	to go across	tumawid	tumawid	tumatawid	tatawid
tayo	to stand	tumayo	tumayo	tumatayo	tatayo
tigil	to stop	tumigil	tumigil	tumitigil	titigil
tikim	to taste	tumikim	tumikim	tumitikim	titikim
tingin	to look	tumingin	tumingin	tumitingin	titingin
tugtog	to play an instrument	tumugtog	tumugtog	tumutugtog	tutugtog
tulak	to push	tumulak	tumulak	tumutulak	tutulak
tulong	to help	tumulong	tumulong	tumutulong	tutulong
tuloy	to enter	tumuloy	tumuloy	tumutuloy	tutuloy
unlad	to progress or advance	umunlad	umunlad	umuunlad	uunlad
upo	to sit	umupo	umupo	umuupo	uupo
uwi	to return home	umuwi	umuwi	umuuwi	uuwi
yakap	to hug someone	yumakap	yumakap	yumayakap	yayakap

Click the link below to download a PDF file of the table above. This PDF file is for personal and classroom use only. Uploading it anywhere on the internet is not allowed. Commercial use and mass distribution is strictly prohibited.

Not all Filipino verbs with the UM prefix or infix are actor-focus verbs, such as gumaling and pumayat. Others are experiencer-focus verbs (pokus sa nakakaranas) and this would be the topic of my next post.