This post has tables that are best viewed using a laptop or desktop. It is possible that you may not be able to view the tables using a mobile phone.
My previous post dealt with the verbal aspects of object-focus verbs with the suffix -in or -hin. This post lists object-focus verbs with the suffix -an or -han (AN verbs). Like the IN verbs, the conjugation of AN verbs depends on whether the root word begins with a vowel or a consonant (location of the affix IN changes), whether it has the letter O in its final syllable (the O becomes a U), or whether the root word ends in the letter D (the D becomes R).
The first table lists verbs with the suffix -an and the second table lists verbs with the suffix -han. Some verbs with root words that end in a vowel are suffixed with -han instead of -an.
Root Words That Begin with Vowels
The root word ikli is syllabicated as ik-li. In each sample sentence, the subject of the sentence is underlined, and the verb is boldfaced. The syllabication of the verb is shown inside square brackets.
Infinitive aspect (pawatas): Write the suffix -an after the root word.
Example: ikli + -an = iklian [ik-li-an]
1. Iklian mo ang pantalon. / Ang pantalon ay iklian mo. = (You) Shorten these pants.
The pants (ang pantalon) are both the subject of the sentence and the direct object (DO) of the verb iklian. Therefore, the verb iklian is an object-focus verb.
Completed/Perfective aspect (aspektong perpektibo):
(a) Write the suffix -an after the root word: ikli + -an → iklian [ik-li-an]
(b) Write the prefix in-: in- + iklian → iniklian [i-nik-li-an]
Alternatively, add the prefix in- before the infinitive form of the verb. The letter i of the prefix in- becomes the first syllable of the final verb.
2. Iniklian ko ang pantalon. / Ang pantalon ay iniklian ko. = I shortened the pants.
Incompleted/Imperfective aspect (aspektong imperpektibo)
(a) Reduplicate the first vowel of the root word: i + ikli → iikli [i-ik-li]
(b) Add the suffix -an: iikli + -an → iiklian [i-ik-li-an]
(c) Add the prefix in-: in- + iiklian → iniiklian [i-ni-ik-li-an]
The addition of the prefix in- results in making the first two syllables of the final verb.
3. Iniiklian ko ang pantalon. / Ang pantalon ay iniiklian ko. = I am shortening the pants.
Contemplated aspect (aspektong kontemplatibo)
(a) Reduplicate the first vowel of the root word: i + ikli → iikli [i-ik-li]
(b) Add the suffix -an: iikli + -an → iiklian [i-ik-li-an]
4. Iiklian ko ang pantalon. / Ang pantalon ay iiklian ko. = I will shorten the pants.
Root Words That Begin with Consonants
The root word hugas is syllabicated as hu-gas. In each sample sentence, the subject of the sentence is underlined, and the verb is boldfaced. The syllabication of the verb is shown inside square brackets.
Infinitive aspect (pawatas): Write the suffix -an after the root word.
Example: hugas + -an = hugasan [hu-ga-san]
5. Hugasan mo ang mga pinggan. / Ang mga pinggan ay hugasan mo. = (You) Wash the dishes.
Adding the suffix -an separates the last letter of the root word (the s in hugas) to form the last syllable of the final verb (the san in hugasan).
The dishes (ang mga pinggan) are both the subject of the sentence and the direct object (DO) of the verb hugasan. Therefore, the verb hugasan is an object-focus verb.
Completed/Perfective aspect (aspektong perpektibo):
(a) Write the suffix -an after the root word: hugas + -an → hugasan [hu-ga-san]
(b) Write the infix –in- between the first consonant-vowel pair: h(in)ugasan → hinugasan [hi-nu-ga-san]
The letters of the infix -in- are separated to form the first two syllables of the final verb (hi-nu).
6. Hinugasan ko ang mga pinggan. / Ang mga pinggan ay hinugasan ko. = The dishes were washed by me. OR I washed the dishes.
Incompleted/Imperfective aspect (aspektong imperpektibo)
(a) Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word: hu + hugas → huhugas [hu-hu-gas]
(b) Add the suffix -an: huhugas + -an → huhugasan [hu-hu-ga-san]
(c) Write the infix –in- between the first consonant-vowel pair: h(in)uhugasan → hinuhugasan [hi-nu-hu-ga-san]
7. Hinuhugasan ko ang mga pinggan. / Ang mga pinggan ay hinuhugasan ko. = The dishes are being washed by me. OR I am washing the dishes.
Contemplated aspect (aspektong kontemplatibo)
(a) Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word: hu + hugas → huhugas [hu-hu-gas]
(b) Add the suffix -an: huhugas + -an → huhugasan [hu-hu-ga-san]
8. Huhugasan ko ang mga pinggan mamaya. / Ang mga pinggan ay huhugasan ko mamaya. = The dishes will be washed by me later. OR I will wash the dishes later.
Root Words with O in the Final Syllable
In conjugating verbs with O in the final syllable, the O is changed to U only when the suffix -an is added. The verbal aspects of the object-focus verb bilugan (to circle something) are formed as described below. The root word bilog is syllabicated as bi-log. In each sample sentence, the subject of the sentence is underlined, and the verb is boldfaced. The syllabication of the verb is shown inside square brackets.
Infinitive aspect (pawatas): Write the suffix -an after the root word. Change the letter O in the last syllable of the root word to U.
Example: bilog + -an → bilogan → bilugan [bi-lu-gan]
The addition of the suffix -an results in separating the last letter from the root word (the g in bilog) to be part of the last syllable gan in bilugan.
9. Bilugan mo ang tamang sagot. / Ang tamang sagot ay bilugan mo. = (You) Circle the correct answer.
The correct answer (ang tamang sagot) is the direct object (DO) of the verb bilugan and is the subject of the sentence. Since these two conditions are met (DO and subject), bilugan is an object-focus verb.
Completed/Perfective aspect (aspektong perpektibo):
(a) Write the suffix -an after the root word: bilog + -an → bilogan [bi-lo-gan]
(b) Change the final O to U: bilogan → bilugan [bi-lu-gan]
(c) Write the infix –in- between the first consonant-vowel pair: b(in)ilugan → binilugan [bi-ni-lu-gan]
The infix -in- results in making the first two syllables of the final verb.
10. Binilugan ng mag-aaral ang tamang sagot. / Ang tamang sagot ay binilugan ng mag-aaral. = The correct answer was circled by the student. OR The student circled the correct answer.
Incompleted/Imperfective aspect (aspektong imperpektibo):
(a) Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word: bi + bilog → bibilog [bi-bi-log]
(b) Add the suffix -an: bibilog + -an → bibilogan [bi-bi-lo-gan]
(c) Change the final O to U: bibilogan → bibilugan [bi-bi-lu-gan]
(d) Write the infix –in- between the first consonant-vowel pair: b(in)ibilugan → binibilugan [bi-ni-bi-lu-gan]
11. Binibilugan ng mag-aaral ang tamang sagot. / Ang tamang sagot ay binibilugan ng mag-aaral. = The correct answer is being circled by the student. OR The student is circling the correct answer.
Contemplated aspect (aspektong kontemplatibo):
(a) Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word: bi + bilog → bibilog [bi-bi-log]
(b) Add the suffix -an: bibilog + -an → bibilogan [bi-bi-lo-gan]
(c) Change the final O to U: bibilogan → bibilugan [bi-bi-lu-gan]
12. Bibilugan ng mag-aaral ang tamang sagot. / Ang tamang sagot ay bibilugan ng mag-aaral. = The correct answer will be circled by the student. OR The student will circle the correct answer.
Root Words That End in D
In some root words that end in the letter D, the D is changed to R when the suffix -an is added. For example, the root word hubad becomes hubaran, not hubadan. The rules for root words that begin with vowels or consonants, and those with the letter O in the final syllable are also followed for these words.
The verbal aspects of the root word hubad (to undress someone) are the following:
Infinitive aspect (pawatas) = hubaran
Completed/Perfective aspect (aspektong perpektibo) = hinubaran
Incompleted/Imperfective aspect (aspektong imperpektibo) = hinuhubaran
Contemplated aspect (aspektong kontemplatibo) = huhubaran
Irregular Forms of Some Verbs
A few verbs drop the vowel in the final syllable of the root word when the suffix -an is added. For example, the infinitive form of the root word bukas [bu-kas] is not bukasan, but buksan (buk-san = to open something). Note that the letter A in the last syllable kas is dropped.
The last vowel I is dropped for the root words tikim [ti-kim] and takip [ta-kip]. The infinitive forms of these root words are tikman (tik-man = to taste something) and takpan (tak-pan = to cover something), respectively. The letter I is dropped when the suffix -an is added.
The last vowel A is dropped to form the verbs for the root words laba [la-ba] and sara [sa-ra]. The infinitive forms are made by adding the suffix -han and dropping the last vowel A to make labhan (lab-han = to launder something) and sarhan (sar-han = to close something), respectively.
The table below lists the verbal aspects of object-focus verbs that have the suffix -an.
| ROOT WORD | INFINITIVE (PAWATAS) | ENGLISH TRANSLATION | COMPLETED/ PERFECTIVE (PERPEKTIBO) | INCOMPLETED/ IMPERFECTIVE (IMPERPEKTIBO) | CONTEMPLATED (KONTEMPLATIBO) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abang | abangan | to watch out for | inabangan | inaabangan | aabangan |
| baba | babaan | to lower or decrease something | binabaan | binababaan | bababaan |
| balat | balatan | to remove the skin off something; to peel something | binalatan | binabalatan | babalatan |
| bantay | bantayan | to guard or look after something | binantayan | binabantayan | babantayan |
| bawas | bawasan | to reduce, lessen, or decrease something | binawasan | binabawasan | babawasan |
| bigat | bigatan | to make something heavy | binigatan | binibigatan | bibigatan |
| bilis | bilisan | to speed up something | binilisan | binibilisan | bibilisan |
| bilog | bilugan | to circle something | binilugan | binibilugan | bibilugan |
| bukas | buksan | to open something | binuksan | binubuksan | bubuksan |
| butas | butasan | to make a hole in something | binutasan | binubutasan | bubutasan |
| damit | damitan | to put clothes on someone or something | dinamitan | dinadamitan | dadamitan |
| dikit | dikitan | to stick, fasten, or attach something | dinikitan | dinidikitan | didikitan |
| dilig | diligan | to water something | diniligan | dinidiligan | didiligan |
| dugtong | dugtungan | to add to something; to lengthen something | dinugtungan | dinudugtungan | dudugtungan |
| dungis | dungisan | to stain or defile something | dinungisan | dinudungisan | dudungisan |
| gupit | gupitan | to cut someone's hair | ginupitan | ginugupitan | gugupitan |
| haba | habaan | to lengthen something | hinabaan | hinahabaan | hahabaan |
| hadlang | hadlangan | to block or obstruct something | hinadlangan | hinahadlangan | hahadlangan |
| higpit | higpitan | to tighten something | hinigpitan | hinihigpitan | hihigpitan |
| hina | hinaan | to turn down the intensity of something | hininaan | hinihinaan | hihinaan |
| hubad | hubaran | to undress someone | hinubaran | huhubaran | hinuhubaran |
| hugas | hugasan | to wash something | hinugasan | hinuhugasan | huhugasan |
| hula | hulaan | to guess or predict something | hinulaan | hinuhulaan | huhulaan |
| ikli | iklian | to shorten something | iniklian | iniiklian | iiklian |
| ingat | ingatan | to let nothing bad happen to something | iningatan | iniingatan | iingatan |
| itim | itiman | to shade or blacken something | initiman | iniitiman | iitiman |
| iwas | iwasan | to avoid or evade something | iniwasan | iniiwasan | iiwasan |
| kamit | kamtan | to acquire or obtain something | kinamtan | kinakamtan | kakamtan |
| kapal | kapalan | to thicken something | kinapalan | kinakapalan | kakapalan |
| lakas | lakasan | to make something stronger or louder | nilakasan | nilalakasan | lalakasan |
| lampas | lampasan | to go past or exceed something | nilampasan | nilalampasan | lalampasan |
| lapad | laparan | to widen something | nilaparan | nilalaparan | lalaparan |
| liit | liitan | to make something smaller | niliitan | nililiitan | liliitan |
| linis | linisan | to clean something | nilinisan | nililinisan | lilinisan |
| luwag | luwagan | to loosen something | niluwagan | niluluwagan | luluwagan |
| palit | palitan | to exchange something with something else | pinalitan | pinapalitan | papalitan |
| payag | payagan | to allow something | pinayagan | pinapayagan | papayagan |
| pigil | pigilan | to stop, prevent, or hinder something | pinigilan | pinipigilan | pipigilan |
| punas | punasan | to wipe something | pinunasan | pinupunasan | pupunasan |
| salungguhit | salungguhitan | to underline something in writing | sinalungguhitan | sinasalungguhitan | sasalungguhitan |
| subok | subukan | to try or test something | sinubukan | sinusubukan | susubukan |
| taas | taasan | to raise or increase something | tinaasan | tinataasan | tataasan |
| takip | takpan | to cover something | tinakpan | tinatakpan | tatakpan |
| talikod | talikdan | to turn one's back on something | tinalikdan | tinatalikdan | tatalikdan |
| tanda | tandaan | to keep something in mind or remember something | tinandaan | tinatandaan | tatandaan |
| tapak | tapakan | to step on something | tinapakan | tinatapakan | tatapakan |
| tatak | tatakan | to mark or stamp something | tinatakan | tinatatakan | tatatakan |
| tigil | tigilan | to stop or discontinue something | tinigilan | tinitigilan | titigilan |
| tikim | tikman | to taste something | tinikman | tinitikman | titikman |
| walis | walisan | to sweep an area | winalisan | winawalisan | wawalisan |
Object-focus HAN Verbs
Some object-focus verbs with root words that end in vowels are suffixed with -han instead of -an. The verbal aspects of the object-focus verb sindihan (to light something on fire) are formed as described below. The root word sindi is syllabicated as sin-di. In each sample sentence, the subject of the sentence is underlined, and the verb is boldfaced. The syllabication of the verb is shown inside square brackets.
Infinitive aspect (pawatas): Write the suffix -han after the root word.
Example: sindi + -han → sindihan [sin-di-han]
13. Sindihan mo ang kandila. / Ang kandila ay sindihan mo. = (You) Light the candle.
Since the candle (ang kandila) is both the subject of the sentence and the direct object of the verb sindihan, then the verb sindihan is an object-focus verb.
Completed/Perfective aspect (aspektong perpektibo):
(a) Write the suffix -han after the root word: sindi + -han → sindihan [sin-di-han]
(b) Write the infix –in- between the first consonant-vowel pair: s(in)indihan → sinindihan [si-nin-di-han]
The infix -in- results in making the first two syllables of the final verb.
14. Sinindihan ko ang kandila. / Ang kandila ay sinindihan ko. = The candle was lit by me. OR I lit the candle.
Incompleted/Imperfective aspect (aspektong imperpektibo):
(a) Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word: si + sindi → sisindi [si-sin-di]
(b) Add the suffix -han: sisindi + -han → sisindihan [si-sin-di-han]
(c) Write the infix –in- between the first consonant-vowel pair: s(in)isindihan → sinisindihan [si-ni-sin-di-han]
15. Sinisindihan ko ang kandila. / Ang kandila ay sinisindihan ko. = The candle is being lit by me. OR I am lighting the candle.
Contemplated aspect (aspektong kontemplatibo):
(a) Reduplicate the first consonant-vowel pair of the root word: si + sindi → sisindi [si-sin-di]
(b) Add the suffix -han: sisindi + -han → sisindihan [si-sin-di-han]
16. Sisindihan ko ang kandila. / Ang kandila ay sisindihan ko. = The candle will be lit by me. OR I will light the candle.
The table below lists the verbal aspects of object-focus verbs that have the suffix -han. Note that root words that begin with the letter L (e.g., laba) are conjugated by adding the prefix NI instead of the affix IN.
| ROOT WORD | INFINITIVE (PAWATAS) | ENGLISH TRANSLATION | COMPLETED/ PERFECTIVE (PERPEKTIBO) | INCOMPLETED/ IMPERFECTIVE (IMPERPEKTIBO) | CONTEMPLATED (KONTEMPLATIBO) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dami | damihan | to increase the quantity of something | dinamihan | dinadamihan | dadamihan |
| dumi | dumihan | to dirty or soil something | dinumihan | dinudumihan | dudumihan |
| ganda | gandahan | to make something beautiful | ginandahan | ginagandahan | gagandahan |
| laba | labhan | to launder something | nilabhan | nilalabhan | lalabhan |
| laki | lakihan | to make something bigger | nilakihan | nilalakihan | lalakihan |
| sara | sarhan | to close something | sinarhan | sinasarhan | sasarhan |
| sindi | sindihan | to light something up | sinindihan | sinisindihan | sisindihan |
| tanggi | tanggihan | to refuse or decline something offered | tinanggihan | tinatanggihan | tatanggihan |
| umpisa | umpisahan | to begin something | inumpisahan | inuumpisahan | uumpisahan |
| una | unahan | to get ahead of something | inunahan | inuunahan | uunahan |
You might be wondering why the lists are not that long. Some Filipino verbs with the suffix -an are not object-focus verbs. Many are location-focus or direction-focus verbs.
Remember that a verb is an object-focus verb if its direct object is the subject of the sentence. A direct object is the object or person that receives the action expressed by the verb.
The tables above are in the PDF document below. This document is for personal and/or classroom use only. Mass distribution, commercial (for profit) distribution, and uploading the document anywhere on the internet are not allowed.
Verbal Aspects of Object-focus AN and HAN Verbs
If you think that a word should not be included in any of the tables above, please leave a comment below.
Keep up the good work. Salamat po.