Filipino Experiencer-focus Verbs

Note: This post has tables with multiple rows and columns. It is best to view the tables using a desktop or laptop computer, not a mobile phone. Not all Filipino verbs with the affix UM and MA are actor-focus verbs. Others are experiencer-focus verbs (pokus sa nakakaranas). If the subject of the sentence is the one experiencing or undergoing the action or event that is described by the verb, then the verb is an experiencer-focus verb. Ramos and Bautista in Handbook of Tagalog Verbs: Inflections, Modes, and Aspects (1986) call the subject the actor-undergoer, which could be persons and animals, or animate objects. They did not call the verb an experiencer-focus verb in their work, but a special type of actor-focus verb. According to them, if the subject is an inanimate object, the verb is an object-focus verb. For the authors, the verb lumamig in the sentence below is an object-focus…

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Mga Aspekto ng mga Pandiwang UM na may Pokus sa Aktor

In the previous post, we learned the verbal aspects of Filipino actor-focus MAG verbs. Now we look into the verbal aspects of the actor-focus verbs that have the prefix um- or the infix -um-. The verbal aspects of the actor-focus UM verbs are formed as described below. Let's use the root word akyat (to climb or ascend) and bili (to buy). 1. Infinitive aspect (pawatas): If the root word begins with a vowel (A, E, I, O, or U), add the prefix um- to the root word. Example: um + akyat = umakyat Umakyat ka sa hagdan at pumasok ka sa unang kuwarto sa kanan. = Climb the stairs and enter the first room on the right. If the root word begins with a consonant, write the infix -um- in between the first consonant and first vowel. Example: bili + -um- = b-um-ili = bumili Bumili ka ng isang boteng…

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