Mga Aspekto ng mga Pandiwang IN

My previous posts were about actor-focus and experiencer-focus Filipino verbs. This post will be the first to deal with object-focus verbs, particularly those verbs with the suffix -in or -hin (IN verbs). This post has several tables that are best viewed using a laptop or desktop. It is possible that you may not be able to view the tables using a mobile phone. If the subject of the sentence is the object (or person) that is the receiver of the action expressed in the verb, then the verb is an object-focus verb. In other words, the action is being done TO the subject and the subject is called the direct object. Therefore, only Filipino transitive verbs (mga pandiwang palipat) are object-focus verbs. The most common object-focus Filipino verbs take the suffixes -in or -hin and -an or -han. Others have the prefix i- and ma-. This post tackles the conjugation…

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Filipino Experiencer-focus Verbs

Note: This post has tables with multiple rows and columns. It is best to view the tables using a desktop or laptop computer, not a mobile phone. Not all Filipino verbs with the affix UM and MA are actor-focus verbs. Others are experiencer-focus verbs (pokus sa nakakaranas). If the subject of the sentence is the one experiencing or undergoing the action or event that is described by the verb, then the verb is an experiencer-focus verb. Ramos and Bautista in Handbook of Tagalog Verbs: Inflections, Modes, and Aspects (1986) call the subject the actor-undergoer, which could be persons and animals, or animate objects. They did not call the verb an experiencer-focus verb in their work, but a special type of actor-focus verb. According to them, if the subject is an inanimate object, the verb is an object-focus verb. For the authors, the verb lumamig in the sentence below is an object-focus…

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Mga Aspekto ng mga Pandiwang MA

In my previous posts, I have listed the verbal aspects of actor-focus Filipino verbs with the prefix MAG and those with the prefix or infix UM. Another group of such verbs have the prefix MA. However, not all MA verbs are actor-focus verbs. Filipino verbs with the prefix ma- are of various types and express different things. An easy way to categorize MA verbs is to classify them as transitive verbs or intransitive verbs. In Filipino, transitive verbs are called mga pandiwang palipat, verbs that need a direct object (tuwirang layon) to complete its meaning. A direct object (DO) is a noun or noun phrase (pangngalan o pariralang pangngalan) that represents a person or object that receives the action expressed by the verb. Intransitive verbs are called mga pandiwang katawanin, verbs that do not need a direct object to complete its meaning. Transitive verbs cannot be used alone. They describe…

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Mga Aspekto ng mga Pandiwang MAG na may Pokus sa Aktor

In my previous posts, I talked about translating English verbs with different tenses to Filipino. Strictly speaking, instead of tense, the Filipino language has what linguists would call the verbal aspect. The verbal aspect indicates whether an action or event has begun, is still in progress, has been completed, or has yet to begin. This is accomplished by changing the root word by reduplication and affixation. According to Maria Sheila Zamar in Filipino: The Essential Grammar (2023), the four aspects of Filipino verbs are infinitive, completed, incompleted, and contemplated. Schachter and Otanes in Tagalog Reference Grammar (1972) identify the three aspects of the Tagalog verb system as perfective, imperfective, and contemplated. However, according to Ramos and Bautista in Handbook of Tagalog Verbs: Inflections, Modes, and Aspects (1986), the infinitive form of the verb (the imperative form of the verb) does not imply an aspect. In Filipino, these three aspects of…

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List of Filipino Verbs (Pandiwa)

Below is the link to a 16-page pdf file that alphabetically lists around 400 Filipino verbs (mga pandiwa) in different grammatical tenses. It is best to download and save the file first, and open it with the Adobe Acrobat Reader if you want to print a portion of the file or the entire file.

Mga Pandiwa sa Ibat Ibang Panahunan

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